Several such constellations are named and listed below, though bear in mind that a lack of detailed record-keeping and the aforementioned biases of early anthropologists have led to many records being incomplete and vague., The observations of many Yokoch astronomers carried records of events and constellations in the many petroglyphs that were common across the Yokoch cultural sphere, as like other North American cultures they lacked a written alphabet. Much as was the case for many cultures, the Yokoch also marked and named constellations, in many cases similar constellations to those of Greco-Roman tradition. Lunar cycles were also used as a measure of time, and in fact the Yokoch word for "month" is the same as the word for "the Moon". They also interpreted the differences in their speeds of movement as relating to distance (though not associated with gravity), but held a heliocentric view of the world and accurately charted the Earth as being between Venus and Mars, and that the Moon ( 'Op) circled Earth directly. Only recently has anthropological study taken the Yokoch and related cultures seriously in their studies of the stars., Chumash symbols of the Sun for the Winter Solstice (top), Summer Solstice (bottom), and the Autumnal (Center Left) and Vernal (Center Right) Equinoxes.Observations of the stars yielded records of the five "classical" planets of Mercury ( Winat'o), Venus ( Choitus), Mars ( Lo'wus), Jupiter ( Nopop), and Saturn ( No'oma). Tragically, the chauvinistic attitude of many anthropologists before the most recent age of the sciences led many of them to dismiss Yokoch cosmology and astronomy as superstition and paganism.
When interrogated by the Spanish priests spreading the Catholic faith, many said that they expressly did not worship the Sun or Moon, and many insisted that their studies and observations of the stars were as much astronomy as the Spanish themselves practices. Its use as a solar calendar marks the beginning of traditions of detailed observations carried out primarily by the priests, who used observations to record significant dates., Choitus, the Morning and Evening Star (Venus), a common Yokoch symbol of astronomy.The Yokoch studies of the heavens were motivated as much by a genuine desire to know things as much as religious purpose. The "Shadow Glyph", pictured above, originated with the Chumash cultures around 800 AD, and was then brought north to the Yokoch around the start of the Second Empire in the 1200s. , The "Shadow Glyph" (Ts'enau Utseowis), the most widely-recognized symbol of Native Californian astronomy.Although studies in the astronomy of the Native Californians often focuses on the Yokoch traditions, anthropology suggests that most of the traditions of astronomy in the region actually originated in the southern cultures, primarily among the Chumash.
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